C++

0-Overview

3 min read

🧭 Topic: Basics of C++ & Data Types

Quick Overview

This topic introduces how to compile and run C++ code, basic input/output, variables, built-in data types, and the math library.
By the end, students will be able to write simple C++ programs using variables and standard input/output streams.

📌 Covered in This Topic

Part 1 - Basics of C++

  • History and Evolution of Computing
    • Origin of the term computer
    • Early computing devices
    • Milestones in computer development
  • Binary and Logic Fundamentals
    • Why computers use binary
    • Boolean logic and logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, XOR)
    • Truth tables and simple logic circuits
    • 32-bit vs 64-bit systems
    • Data representation:
      • Number systems (binary, decimal, hexadecimal)
      • Signed numbers in binary
      • Floating-point representation
      • Character encoding: ASCII and Unicode
  • Introduction to Programming Languages
    • From machine code to assembly
    • Evolution of high-level languages
    • C++ in context: use cases and characteristics
    • Low-level vs high-level abstraction
  • Compilers and Program Execution
    • How code becomes machine-executable
    • Compiler vs interpreter
    • Compilation workflow in C++
  • First Steps in C++ Programming
    • Writing and compiling a simple C++ program
    • Basic input and output (cin, cout)
    • Adding comments and documentation

Part 2 - Data Types and Variables

  1. Understanding Data in Programming
    • What is data and how it’s represented in memory
    • Relationship between data and variables
  2. Variables and Memory Basics
    • Declaring and initializing variables
    • Variable scope and lifetime (brief intro)
  3. Fundamental Data Types in C++
    • Overview of primitive types (int, float, double, char, bool)
    • Memory sizes and limits of each data type
    • Signed vs unsigned integers
  4. Integers
    • Integer arithmetic and overflow behavior
    • Type modifiers (short, long, unsigned)
  5. Floating-Point Numbers
    • Representation and precision limits
    • Common rounding and comparison pitfalls
    • Differences between float, double, and long double
  6. Characters and Text
    • Character literals and ASCII table
    • Escape sequences and their meaning
    • Brief Introduction to Unicode and text encoding
    • Working with std::string
  7. Booleans and Logic
    • Boolean literals and expressions
    • Type conversions to and from boolean
  8. Constants and Immutability
    • Declaring constants using const
    • Benefits of using constants in programs
  9. Type Conversion and Casting
    • Implicit vs explicit type conversion
    • static_cast, and C-style casts (intro level)
  10. Assignment and Operators
    • Simple and compound assignment
    • Operator precedence overview (intro level)
  11. Naming Conventions and Code Style
    • Common naming conventions in C++
    • Writing clean and readable variable names
  12. Math Library Overview
    • Using <cmath> for basic mathematical operations
    • Common functions (sqrt, pow, abs, round, etc.)

📑 Slides & Materials

🛠️ Workshop & Assignments

🌐 Additional Resources

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Tip

If something doesn’t make sense — don’t stay stuck alone. Ask the TA to clarify it right away. Often, a quick question can save you a lot of time and frustration. Remember: if you’re confused, chances are others are too.

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